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Is Vicarious Atonment Biblical?

Rabbi Bentzion Kravitz, founder of Jews for Judaism, deconstructs a core missionary argument by emphasizing a foundational principle of the Hebrew Bible: individual moral accountability.

A fundamental distinction rests on whether one individual can bear the spiritual weight or punishment of another's transgressions. As Rabbi Kravitz highlights, Jewish tradition rejects vicarious atonement, teaching that true repentance (teshuvah), prayer, and righteous action offer a direct pathway to God's forgiveness without requiring a mediator or proxy.

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